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Intshayelelo

Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya lisiba lidijithali, i-cryptocurrency linyathelo elilandelayo lendalo ekuveleni kwemali. I-Pi yimali yokuqala yedijithali yabantu bemihla ngemihla, emele inyathelo elikhulu ekwamkelweni kwe-cryptocurrency kwihlabathi jikelele.

Injongo yethu: Yakha i-cryptocurrency kunye neqonga leekhontrakthi ezihlakaniphile ezikhuselweyo kwaye ziqhutywa ngabantu bemihla ngemihla.

Umbono wethu: Yakha eyona ndawo yentengiso yehlabathi yoontanga-kumntu, ikhuthazwa nguPi, eyona mali isetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-DISCLAIMER kubafundi abaqhubela phambili ngakumbi: Ngenxa yokuba injongo ye-Pi kukubandakanya kangangoko sinakho, siza kuthatha eli thuba ukwazisa abatsha bethu be-blockchain kumngxunya womvundla 🙂

Intshayelelo: Kutheni i-cryptocurrencies ibalulekile

Okwangoku, intengiselwano yethu yezemali yemihla ngemihla ixhomekeke kumntu wesithathu othembekileyo ukugcina irekhodi yentengiselwano. Umzekelo, xa usenza intengiselwano yebhanki, inkqubo yebhanki igcina irekhodi kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba intengiselwano ikhuselekile kwaye ithembekile. Ngokunjalo, xa uCindy edlulisela i-5 yeedola kuSteve esebenzisa i-PayPal, i-PayPal igcina irekhodi elisembindini yeedola ezi-5 ezitsalwa kwiakhawunti kaCindy kunye ne-5 yeedola ezifakwe kwi-Steve. Abameli abafana neebhanki, i-PayPal, kunye namanye amalungu enkqubo yezoqoqosho ekhoyo ngoku adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iintengiselwano zemali zehlabathi.

Nangona kunjalo, indima yaba balamli bathembekileyo nayo inemida:

1. Ukuthathwa kwexabiso elingafanelekanga. Aba balamleli baqokelela iibhiliyoni zeedola ekudaleni ubutyebi (imalike ye-PayPal yemalike yi ~ $ 130B), kodwa abagqithisi kwanto kubo.abathengi– abantu bemihla ngemihla emhlabeni, abamali yabo iqhuba inxenye enentsingiselo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Bayanda abantu abasalela ngasemva.
2. Iintlawulo. Iibhanki kunye neenkampani zihlawulisa iimali ezinkulu ngokuququzelela iintengiselwano. Ezi ntlawulo zihlala zinefuthe elibi ngokulinganayo kubantu abamkela imivuzo ephantsi abanezona ndlela zimbalwa zokukhetha.
3. Ulawulo. Ukuba umthetheli othile othembekileyo uthatha isigqibo sokuba akufanele ukwazi ukuhambisa imali yakho, unokubeka izithintelo ekuhambeni kwemali yakho.
4. Ivunyelwe. Umthetheli othembekileyo usebenza njengomgcini-sango onokuthi athintele nabani na ukuba abe yinxalenye yenethiwekhi.
5. Ongaziwayo. Ngexesha apho umba wobumfihlo ufumana ukungxamiseka okukhulu, aba bagcini-sango banamandla banokuveza ngempazamo - okanye bakunyanzele ukuba uveze - ulwazi oluninzi lwezemali malunga nawe kunokuba unokufuna.
   

I-Bitcoin "inkqubo ye-elektroniki ye-peer-to-peer," eyasungulwa ngo-2009 ngumdwelisi ongaziwa (okanye iqela) uSatoshi Nakamoto, yayilixesha lenkululeko yemali. Okokuqala kwimbali, abantu banokutshintshiselana ngexabiso ngokukhuselekileyo, ngaphandle kokufuna umntu wesithathu okanye umthetheli othembekileyo. Ukuhlawula ngeBitcoin kwakuthetha ukuba abantu abafana noSteve noCindy banokuhlawulana ngokuthe ngqo, badlule imirhumo yeziko, imiqobo kunye nokungena. I-Bitcoin ngokwenene yayiyimali engenamida, inika amandla kwaye idibanisa uqoqosho olutsha lwehlabathi.

Intshayelelo yeeLeja eziSasazo

I-Bitcoin iphumelele le nto yembali ngokusebenzisaa isasazweirekhodi. Ngelixa inkqubo yezemali yangoku ixhomekeke kwirekhodi yemveli yenyaniso, irekhodi yeBitcoin igcinwa luluntu olusasazwayo "lweziqinisekiso," ezifikelela kwaye zihlaziye le ncwadana yoluntu. Khawufane ucinge iprotocol yeBitcoin njenge "Google Sheet" ekwabelwana ngayo kwihlabathi jikelele equlethe irekhodi yentengiselwano, eqinisekisiweyo kwaye igcinwe luluntu olusasazwayo.

Ukuphumelela kweBitcoin (kunye neteknoloji ye-blockchain jikelele) kukuba, nangona irekhodi ligcinwa luluntu, iteknoloji yenza ukuba bahlale befikelela kwimvumelwano kwiintengiselwano ezinyanisekileyo, beqinisekisa ukuba abakhohlisi abakwazi ukurekhoda ukuthengiselana kobuxoki okanye ukudlula inkqubo. Le nkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe ivumela ukususwa komthetheli ophakathi, ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko lwezemali lwentengiselwano.

Izibonelelo zeeleja ezisasaziweyo

Ukongeza kwi-decentralization, i-bitcoin, okanye i-cryptocurrencies ngokubanzi, yabelana ngeepropati ezimbalwa ezintle ezenza imali ibe nengqondo kwaye ikhuselekile, nangona ii-cryptocurrencies ezahlukeneyo zinokuba namandla kwezinye iipropati kwaye zibe buthathaka kwezinye, ngokusekelwe ekuphunyezweni okuhlukeneyo kweeprothokholi zabo. Ii-Cryptocurrencies zigcinwe kwi-cryptographic wallets ezichongwe ngedilesi efikelelekayo esidlangalaleni, kwaye ikhuselwe ngegama eliyimfihlo elinamandla kakhulu eligcinwe bucala, elibizwa ngokuba liqhosha labucala. Eli qhosha labucala lisayina itransekshini kwaye akunakwenzeka ukwenza iisignesha zobuqhophololo. Oku kuyabonelelaukhuselekokwayeukungabonakali. Ngokungafaniyo neeakhawunti zebhanki zemveli ezinokubanjwa ngabasemagunyeni bakarhulumente, i-cryptocurrency kwi-wallet yakho ayinakuze ithathwe nabani na ngaphandle kwesitshixo sakho sabucala. IiCryptocurrencies ziukuvalelwangenxa yokwabiwa kwamagunya kuba nabani na angangenisa iitransekshini kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyutha ekwinethiwekhi ukuze irekhodwe kwaye iqinisekiswe. Iintengiselwano ze-Cryptocurrency ziayinakuguqulwa because each block of transactions represents a cryptographic proof (a hash) of all the previous blocks that existed before that. Once someone sends you money, they cannot steal back their payment to you (i.e., no bouncing checks in blockchain). Some of the cryptocurrencies can even support atomic transactions. “Smart contracts” built atop these cryptocurrencies do not merely rely on law for enforcement, but directly enforced through publicly auditable code, which make them trustless and can potentially get rid of middlemen in many businesses, e.g. Escrow for real estate.

Securing distributed ledgers (Mining)

One of challenges of maintaining a distributed record of transactions is security — specifically, how to have an open and editable ledger while preventing fraudulent activity. To address this challenge, Bitcoin introduced a novel process called Mining (using the consensus algorithm “Proof of Work”) to determine who is “trusted” to make updates to the shared record of transactions.

You can think of mining as a type of economic game that forces “Validators” to prove their merit when trying to add transactions to the record. To qualify, Validators must solve a series of complex computational puzzles. The Validator who solves the puzzle first is rewarded by being allowed to post the latest block of transactions. Posting the latest block of transactions allows Validators to “mine” a Block Reward – currently 12.5 bitcoin (or ~$40,000 at the time of writing).

Le nkqubo ikhuseleke kakhulu, kodwa ifuna amandla amakhulu ekhompyuter kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla njengoko abasebenzisi "batshisa imali" ukusombulula iphazili ebafumana ngakumbi iBitcoin. Umlinganiselo wokutshisa-kuya-umvuzo wohlwaya kangangokuba usoloko ukwi-Validators yokuzingca ngokuthumela iintengiselwano ezinyanisekileyo kwirekhodi yeBitcoin.

Ingxaki: I-Centralization yamandla kunye nemali ibeka i-Cryptocurrencies ye-1st Generation ngaphandle kokufikelela

Ngeentsuku zokuqala zeBitcoin, xa abantu abambalwa babesebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kunye nokumbiwa kweebhloko zokuqala, nabani na wayenokufumana i-50 BTC ngokuqhuba isoftware ye-Bitcoin yezimayini kwikhompyuter yakhe. Njengoko le mali yayiqalisa ukuthandwa, abasebenzi-mgodini abakrelekrele baqonda ukuba babenokwamkela imali eninzi ukuba babenekhompyutha engaphezu kwenye esebenza kum.

Njengoko i-Bitcoin iqhubeka nokunyuka kwixabiso, iinkampani zonke zaqala ukuvela kweyam. Ezi nkampani zenze iitshiphusi ezikhethekileyo ("ASICs") kwaye zakha iifama ezinkulu zeeseva zisebenzisa ezi chips ze-ASIC ukumba iBitcoin. Ukuvela kwezi nkampani zikhulu zemigodi, ezaziwa ziqhubela iBitcoin Gold Rush, isenza kube nzima kakhulu kubantu bemihla ngemihla ukuba bafake isandla kuthungelwano kwaye bafumane umvuzo. Iinzame zabo nazo zaqalisa ukusebenzisa amandla amakhulu eekhompyutha, nto leyo efak’ isandla kwimiba eyandayo yemekobume ehlabathini lonke.

The ease of mining Bitcoin and the subsequent rise of Bitcoin mining farms quickly produced a massive centralization of production power and wealth in Bitcoin’s network. To provide some context, 87% of all Bitcoins are now owned by 1% of their network, many of these coins were mined virtually free in their early days. As another example, Bitmain, one of Bitcoin’s biggest mining operations has earned billions in revenue and profits.

The centralization of power in Bitcoin’s network makes it very difficult and expensive for the average person. If you want to acquire Bitcoin, your easiest options are to:

1. Mine It Yourself. Just hook up the specialized hardware (here’s a rig on Amazon, if you’re interested!) and go to town. Just know that since you’ll be competing against massive server farms from across the world, consuming as much energy as the country of Switzerland, you won’t be able to mine much
2. Buy Bitcoin on an exchange. Today, you can buy Bitcoin at a unit price of $3,500 / coin at the time of writing (note: you can buy fractional amount of Bitcoin!) Of course, you would also be taking on substantial risk in doing so as the price of Bitcoin is quite volatile.
   

I-Bitcoin yayiyeyokuqala ukubonisa indlela i-cryptocurrency enokuphazamisa ngayo imodeli yezemali yangoku, inika abantu amandla okwenza ukuthengiselana ngaphandle kokuba nomntu wesithathu endleleni. Ukwanda kwenkululeko, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobumfihlo buyaqhubeka nokuqhuba imatshi engenakuphepheka ukuya kwiimali zedijithali njengesiqhelo esitsha. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zayo, i-Bitcoin's (ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ibingajongwa) imali kunye namandla anika umqobo onentsingiselo kukwamkelwa okuqhelekileyo. Njengoko iqela eliphambili likaPi lenze uphando ukuzama ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abantu bemathidala ukungena kwindawo ye-cryptocurrency. Abantu bahlala bekhankanya umngcipheko wotyalo-mali / ukomba njengemiqobo ephambili yokungena.

Isisombululo: I-Pi -Ukunika amandla imigodi kwiifowuni eziphathwayo

Emva kokuchonga ezi zithintelo eziphambili zokwamkelwa, Iqela lePi Core lizimisele ukufumana indlela eya kuvumela abantu bemihla ngemihla ukuba babambe imigodi (okanye bafumane umvuzo we-cryptocurrency wokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana kwirekhodi esasaziweyo yentengiselwano). Njengohlaziyo, omnye wemingeni engundoqo evelayo ngokugcina irekhodi esasaziweyo yentengiselwano kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlaziywa kule rekhodi evulekileyo ayilobuqhophololo. Ngelixa inkqubo yeBitcoin yokuhlaziya irekhodi layo ibonakalisiwe (ukutshisa amandla / imali ukubonisa ukuthembeka), ayisebenzisi kakhulu (okanye iplanethi!) inobubele. Kwi-Pi, sazise imfuneko yoyilo olongezelelweyo lokusebenzisa i-algorithm yemvumelwano eya kuba luncedo kakhulu kumsebenzisi kwaye ivumele ukusebenza kwemigodi kwiikhompyuter zobuqu kunye neeselfowuni.

Ngokuthelekisa i-algorithms ekhoyo yokuvumelana (inkqubo erekhoda ukuthengiselana kwi-ledger esasazwayo), i-Stellar Consensus Protocol ivela njengomgqatswa ohamba phambili ukwenzela ukuba i-user-friendly, i-mobile-first mining.Iprotokholi yeMvumelwano yeStellar(SCP) yayilwa nguDavid Mazières unjingalwazi weComputer Science eStanford osebenza njengoNzululwazi oyiNtlokoIsiseko soPhuhliso lweStellar. I-SCP isebenzisa indlela entsha ebizwa ngokuba yiFederated Byzantine Agreements ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlaziyo lweleja esasaziweyo ichanekile kwaye inokuthenjwa. I-SCP iphinda isetyenziswe ekusebenzeni nge-Stellar blockchain esebenzayo ukususela ngoko2015.

Intshayelelo eyenziwe lula kwi-algorithms yemvumelwano

Ngaphambi kokutsiba ukwazisa i-algorithm ye-Pi consensus, inceda ukuba ube nengcaciso elula malunga nento eyenziwa yi-algorithm yemvumelwano kwi-blockchain kunye neentlobo ze-algorithms zemvumelwano ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiiprothokholi zanamhlanje, umz. Bitcoin kunye ne-SCP. Eli candelo libhalwe ngokucacileyo ngendlela eyenziwe lula kakhulu ngenxa yokucaca, kwaye aliphelelanga. Ukuchaneka okuphezulu, bona icandeloUhlengahlengiso kwi-SCPngezantsi kwaye ufunde i-stellar consensus protocol paper.

I-blockchain yinkqubo yokusabalalisa i-fault-tolerant enenjongo yokuyalela ngokupheleleyo uluhlu lweebhloko zokuthengiselana. Iinkqubo ezisasazwayo zokunyamezela iimpazamo yindawo yesayensi yekhompyuter efundwe iminyaka emininzi. Zibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ezisasaziweyo ngenxa yokuba azinayo iseva esembindini kodwa endaweni yoko zenziwe ngoluhlu olunatyisiweyo lweekhompyuter (ezibizwaiindawo zokuhlalaokanyeiintanga) ekufuneka kufike kwimvumelwano malunga nokuba uthini umxholo kunye nokulungelelaniswa okupheleleyo kweebhloko. Zikwabizwa ngokuba zi-fault-tolerant kuba ziyakwazi ukunyamezela iqondo elithile lee-nodes ezinempazamo kwinkqubo (umzekelo ukuya kuma-33% eendawo ezinokuthi zibe nempazamo kwaye inkqubo iyonke iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo).

Kukho iindidi ezimbini ezibanzi ze-algorithms yemvumelwano: Abo banyula i-node njengenkokeli evelisa ibhloko elandelayo, kwaye apho kungekho nkokeli ecacileyo kodwa zonke iinqununu ziza kwisivumelwano sokuba yintoni ibhloko elandelayo emva kokutshintshiselana ngamavoti ngo. ukuthumela imiyalezo yekhompyutha omnye komnye. (Ngokungqongqo isivakalisi sokugqibela siqulathe ukungachaneki okuninzi, kodwa sisinceda sichaze imivumbo ebanzi.)

I-Bitcoin isebenzisa uhlobo lokuqala lwe-algorithm yemvumelwano: Zonke iindawo ze-bitcoin ziyakhuphisana ekusombululeni iphazili ye-cryptographic. Ngenxa yokuba isisombululo sifumaneka ngokungaqhelekanga, ngokuyisiseko i-node efumana isisombululo kuqala, ngethuba, inyulwe inkokeli yomjikelezo ovelisa ibhloko elandelayo. Le algorithm ibizwa ngokuba "Ubungqina bomsebenzi" kwaye iphumela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla amaninzi.

Intshayelelo eyenziwe lula yeStellar Consensus Protocol

I-Pi isebenzisa olunye uhlobo lwe-algorithms yokuvumelana kwaye isekelwe kwi-Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) kunye ne-algorithm ebizwa ngokuba yi-Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA). I-algorithms enjalo ayinayo inkcitho yamandla kodwa ifuna ukutshintshiselana ngemiyalezo emininzi yenethiwekhi ukuze iindawo ezifikayo "zifikelele kwimvumelwano" malunga nokuba ibhloko elandelayo kufuneka ibe yintoni. Indawo nganye inokugqiba ngokuzimeleyo ukuba intengiselwano iyasebenza okanye hayi, umz. igunya lokwenza utshintsho kunye nenkcitho ephindwe kabini, ngokusekwe kutyikityo lwe-cryptographic kunye nembali yentengiselwano. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze uthungelwano lweekhompyuter luvumelane malunga nokuba zeziphi iintengiselwano zokurekhoda kwibhloko kunye nomyalelo wale ntengiselwano kunye neebhloko, kufuneka bathumele umyalezo omnye komnye kwaye babe nemijikelo emininzi yokuvota ukuza kwisivumelwano. Ngokucacileyo, imiyalezo enjalo evela kwiikhompyuter ezahlukeneyo kwinethiwekhi malunga nokuba yeyiphi ibhloko elandelayo inokujongeka njengokulandelayo:cebisasonke sivotela uBloko A ukuba ube ngolandelayo”; “Iivotiukuze ibloko A ibe yibloko elandelayo”; “Iqinisekisa that the majority of the nodes I trust also voted for block A”, from which the consensus algorithm enables this node to conclude that “A is the next block; and there could be no block other than A as the next block”;  Even though the above voting steps seem a lot, the internet is adequately fast and these messages are lightweight, thus such consensus algorithms are more lightweight than Bitcoin’s proof of work. One major representative of such algorithms is called Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT). Several of the top blockchains today are based on variants of BFT, such as NEO and Ripple.

One major criticism of BFT is that it has a centralization point: because voting is involved, the set of nodes participating in the voting “quorum” are centrally determined by the creator of the system in its beginning. The contribution of FBA is that, instead of having one centrally determined quorum, each node sets their own “quorum slices”, which will in turn form different quorums. New nodes can join the network in a decentralized way: they declare the nodes that they trust and convince other nodes to trust them, but they don’t have to convince any central authority.

I-SCP yenye instantiation ye-FBA. Esikhundleni sokutshisa amandla afana nobungqina beBitcoin be-algorithm yesivumelwano somsebenzi, iindawo ze-SCP zikhusela irekhodi ekwabelwana ngalo ngokuqinisekisa ezinye iindawo kwinethiwekhi njengezithembekileyo. Indawo nganye kuthungelwano yakha i-quorum slice, equka ezinye iindawo kuthungelwano ezizibona zithembekile. Iikhoram zenziwe ngokusekwe kumalungu ekhoram izilayi, kwaye umqinisekisi uya kwamkela kuphela intengiselwano emitsha ukuba kwaye kuphela ukuba umlinganiselo weenodi kwiikhoram zabo nazo ziya kuyamkela intengiselwano. Njengabaqinisekisi kulo lonke uthungelwano bakha iikhorum zabo, ezi khoram zinceda iindawo zokuhlala ukuze zifikelele kwimvumelwano malunga nokuthengiselana ngesiqinisekiso sokhuseleko. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neProtocol ye-Stellar Consensus ngokujonga okuisishwankathelo sobugcisa be-SCP.

Uhlengahlengiso lwe-Pi kwiProtocol ye-Stellar Consensus (SCP)

I-algorithm yemvumelwano ye-Pi yakha phezulu kwe-SCP. I-SCP ingqinwe ngokusesikweni [Mazieres 2015] kwaye ngoku iphunyezwe ngaphakathi kweStellar Network. Ngokungafaniyo ne-Stellar Network ebandakanya uninzi lweenkampani kunye namaziko (umzekelo, i-IBM) njengama-node, i-Pi izimisele ukuvumela izixhobo zabantu ukuba bafake isandla kwinqanaba leprotocol kwaye bafumane umvuzo, kubandakanywa neeselfowuni, iilaptops kunye neekhompyuter. Apha ngezantsi kukho intshayelelo yokuba iPi iyisebenzisa njani i-SCP ekwenzeni imigodi yenziwe ngabantu ngabanye.

Kukho iindima ezine abasebenzisi Pi banokudlala, njengoko Pi abasebenzi basezimayini. Oko kukuthi:

• Uvulindlela. Umsebenzisi wePi mobile app oqinisekisa nje ukuba abayo "robhothi" yonke imihla. Lo msebenzisi uqinisekisa ubukho bakhe ngalo lonke ixesha engena kwi-app. Basenokuvula i-app bacele intengiselwano (umz. yenza intlawulo ngoPi komnye uVulindlela)
• Umxhasi. Umsebenzisi wePi mobile app onegalelo ngokubonelela ngoluhlu loovulindlela ababaziyo nabathembayo. Ngokudityanisiweyo, abaxhasi bePi baya kwakha igrafu yokuthembela yehlabathi.
• Unozakuzaku. Umsebenzisi wePi mobile app owazisa abanye abasebenzisi kwinethiwekhi yePi.
• Indawo. Umsebenzisi onguvulindlela, umnikeli osebenzisa iPi mobile app, kwaye usebenzisa isoftware yePi node kwidesktop yabo okanye kwilaptop. I-software ye-Pi node yi-software eqhuba i-algorithm ye-SCP engundoqo, ithathela ingqalelo ulwazi lwegrafu yokuthembela enikezwe ngabaXhasi.

Umsebenzisi unokudlala ngaphezu kwesinye sezi ndima zingasentla. Zonke iindima ziyimfuneko, kungoko zonke iindima ziwongwa ngePi esanda kwenziwa yonke imihla ukuba nje bebethatha inxaxheba kwaye benegalelo ngaloo mini inikiweyo. Kwingcaciso engavakaliyo yokuba "umsebenzi-mgodini" ungumsebenzisi ofumana imali esanda kwenziwa njengomvuzo wegalelo, zonke iindima ezine zithathwa njengabasebenzi basezimayini bePi. Sichaza "imigodi" ngokubanzi kunentsingiselo yayo yendabuko elingana nokuphunyezwa kobungqina be-algorithm yesivumelwano somsebenzi njengeBitcoin okanye i-Ethereum.

Okokuqala, kufuneka sigxininise ukuba isoftware yePi Node ayikakhululwa. Ke eli candelo libonelelwa ngakumbi njengoyilo loyilo kunye nesicelo sokucela izimvo kuluntu lobugcisa. Le software iya kuba ngumthombo ovuleleke ngokupheleleyo kwaye iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwi-stellar-core ekwayisoftware yomthombo ovulekileyo, ekhoyo.Apha. Oku kuthetha ukuba nabani na ekuhlaleni uya kukwazi ukufunda, ahlomle kwaye acebise ngophuculo kuyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho utshintsho olucetywayo lwePi kwi-SCP ukwenza umgodi ngezixhobo ezizimeleyo.

Amanqaku

Ukufundeka, sichaza njengeikhonkco edibeneyo ngokuchanekileyoukuba yintoni iphepha le-SCP elibhekisa kuyo njengeindawo yokuphumla. Kwakhona, ukufundeka, sichaza njengeinethiwekhi engundoqo Piukuba yiseti yazo zonke iinodes ezingaguqukiyo kumsebenzi womnatha wePi. Umsebenzi ophambili weNode nganye kufuneka iqwalaselwe ukuba idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kuthungelwano oluphambili lwePi. Ngokucacileyo, i-node edityaniswe ngokungachanekanga kuthungelwano oluphambili ifana ne-Bitcoin node engadityaniswanga kwi-bitcoin network.

Ngokwemiqathango ye-SCP, ukuze indawo yonxibelelwano idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo ithetha ukuba le nodi kufuneka ikhethe “iquorum slice” ngohlobo lokuba zonke iikhoram ezineziphumo ezibandakanya le nodi zinqumlene neekhoram zothungelwano ezikhoyo. Ngokuchanekileyo, i-node v_n+1idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo kuthungelwano oluphambili lwe-N ye-n esele iqhagamshelwe ngokuchanekileyo iindawo (v₁,v₂..., v_n) ukuba isixokelelwano esinesiphumo esingu-N' sika-n+1 iindawo (v₁,v₂..., v_n+1) uyonwabela ukunqumlana kwekhoram. Ngamanye amazwi, u-N' uyonwabela ukunqumlana ikhoram ukuba naziphi na iikhoram ezimbini zabelana ngenodi. - oko kukuthi, kuzo zonke iikhoram U₁kwaye wena₂, U₁∩U₂≠ ∅.

Igalelo eliphambili lePi phezu kwe-Stellar consensus deployment ekhoyo kukuba yazisa ingcamango yegrafu yokuthembela enikezelwa ngabaXhasi bePi njengolwazi olunokusetyenziswa ngamaPi nodes xa bebeka ulungelelwaniso lwabo ukuze badibanise kwinethiwekhi enkulu yePi. .

Xa bechola izilayi zabo zekhoram, ezi Nodes kufuneka zithathele ingqalelo igrafu yokuthembeka ebonelelwa ngabaXhasi, kuquka nesangqa sabo sokhuseleko. Ukuncedisa kwesi sigqibo, sijonge ukubonelela ngesoftware yohlalutyo lwegrafu yokuncedisa abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iiNodes ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi njengoko kunokwenzeka. Imveliso yemihla ngemihla yale software iya kubandakanya:

• uluhlu olumiselweyo lweendawo ezicwangcisiweyo ngomgama wazo ukusuka kwindawo yangoku kwigrafu yokuthembela; uluhlu lweendawo zokuhlala ezisekwe aumgangatho wephephauhlalutyo lweenodi kwigrafu yokuthembela
• Uluhlu lweenodi ezixelwe luluntu njengezinempazamo nangayiphi na indlela uluhlu lweendawo ezintsha ezifuna ukujoyina uthungelwano
• uluhlu lwamanqaku akutshanje avela kwiwebhu kwigama elingundoqo elithi "misbehaving Pi nodes" kunye namanye amagama angundoqo ahambelanayo; umelo olubonakalayo lweeNodes eziquka inethiwekhi yePi efana nale iboniswe kuyoUmjongi weKhoram yeStellarBeat[ikhowudi yonikezo]
• umhloli wekhoram efanayoQuorumExplorer.com[ikhowudi yonikezo]
• isixhobo sokulinganisa esifana nesesiphakathiUmjongi weKhoram yeStellarBeatebonisa iziphumo ezilindelekileyo zeziphumo koluqhagamshelo lweendawo zokuhlala kuthungelwano lwePi xa uqwalaselo lwendawo yangoku lutshintsha.

Ingxaki yophando enomdla yomsebenzi wexesha elizayo kukuphuhlisa i-algorithms enokuthi ithathele ingqalelo igrafu yokuthembela kwaye iphakamise i-node nganye uqwalaselo olufanelekileyo, okanye ukuseta olo qwalaselo ngokuzenzekelayo. Ekuhanjisweni kokuqala kwePi Network, ngelixa abasebenzisi abasebenzisa iiNodes banokuhlaziya ukucwangciswa kweNode nangaliphi na ixesha, baya kukhuthazwa ukuba baqinisekise ukucwangciswa kwabo imihla ngemihla kwaye bacelwe ukuba bahlaziye ukuba babona kufanelekile.

Abasebenzisi be-app yeselula

Xa uVulindlela efuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba intengiselwano ethile yenziwe (umzekelo, ukuba ufumene iPi) bavula iapp ephathwayo. Ngelo xesha, i-app yeselula idibanisa kwiiNodes enye okanye ngaphezulu ukubuza ukuba ukuthengiselana kubhaliwe kwi-ledger kunye nokufumana inombolo yebhloko yamva nje kunye nexabiso le-hash yaloo block. Ukuba uVulindlela ukwaqhuba iNode iapp ephathwayo iqhagamshela kuloo node kaVulindlela. Ukuba uvulindlela akasebenzisi i-node, ngoko i-app idibanisa kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nokuwela ukukhangela olu lwazi. Oovulindlela baya kuba nako ukukhetha ukuba zeziphi iindawo abafuna ukuba ii-apps zabo ziqhagamshelane nazo. Kodwa ukwenza kube lula kubasebenzisi abaninzi, i-app kufuneka ibeneseti engagqibekanga enengqiqo yeenodi, umz. inani leendawo ezikufutshane nomsebenzisi ngokusekwe kwigrafu yokuthembela, kunye nokhetho olungakhethiyo lweendawo eziphakamileyo kumgangatho wephepha. Sicela impendulo yakho malunga nokuba iseti engagqibekanga yeenodi zooVulindlela abahambahambayo kufuneka ikhethwe njani.

Imivuzo yezemigodi

Ipropati enhle ye-algorithm ye-SCP kukuba i-generic ngaphezu kwe-blockchain. Ilungelelanisa imvumelwano kuyo yonke inkqubo esasaziweyo yeeNodes. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-algorithm ye-core efanayo ayisetyenziswanga kuphela imizuzwana embalwa ukurekhoda utshintshiselwano olutsha kwiibhloko ezintsha, kodwa ingasetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokomzekelo, kanye ngeveki, inethiwekhi ye-stellar isetyenziselwa ukubala ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwinethiwekhi ye-stellar kwaye yabele amathokheni asanda kufakwa ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abanikazi be-stellar coin (imali ye-Stellar ibizwa ngokuba yi-lumens). Ngendlela efanayo, uthungelwano lwe-Pi lusebenzisa i-SCP kanye ngemini ukubala usasazo lwe-Pi entsha yothungelwano kubo bonke abasebenzi basezimayini be-Pi (oovulindlela, abaxhasi, oonozakuzaku, iindawo) abathathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kulo naluphi na usuku olunikiweyo. Ngamanye amazwi, imivuzo yemigodi ye-Pi ibalwa kanye kuphela yonke imihla kwaye hayi kwibhloko nganye yebhloko.

Ukuthelekisa i-Bitcoin yabela imbuyekezo yezimayini kwibhloko nganye kwaye inika wonke umvuzo kubasebenzi basemgodini oba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo lokukwazi ukusombulula umsebenzi onzima wekhompyutha. Lo mvuzo kwi-Bitcoin okwangoku i-12.5 Bitcoin (~ $ 40K) inikwa kuphela umgodi omnye kwimizuzu eyi-10. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima kakhulu ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi-mgodini afumane imbuyekezo. Njengesisombululo kuloo nto, abasebenzi basezimayini be-bitcoin balungelelaniswa kumachibi okumbiwa asembindini, apho bonke banegalelo kumandla okusebenza, ukwandisa amathuba okufumana imbuyekezo, kwaye ekugqibeleni babelane ngokulinganayo loo mivuzo. Amachibi okumbiwa kwemigodi ayingawo kuphela amanqaku okubekwa kwindawo enye, kodwa nabaqhubi bawo bafumana ukucuthwa okucutha isixa esiya kubambi-mgodini ngabanye. Kwi-Pi, akukho mfuneko yamachibi emigodi, kuba kanye ngemini wonke umntu othe wanegalelo ufumana usasazo olufanelekileyo lwePi entsha.

Iintlawulo zentengiselwano

Similar to Bitcoin transactions, fees are optional in the Pi network. Each block has a certain limit of how many transactions can be included in it. When there is no backlog of transactions, transactions tend to be free. But if there are more transactions, nodes order them by fee, with highest-fee-transactions at the top and pick only the top transactions to be included in the produced blocks. This makes it an open market. Implementation: Fees are proportionally split among Nodes once a day. On every block, the fee of each transaction is transferred into a temporary wallet from where in the end of the day it is distributed to the active miners of the day. This wallet has an unknown private key. Transactions in and out of that wallet are forced by the protocol itself under the consensus of all nodes in the same way the consensus also mints new Pi every day.

Limitations and future work

SCP has been extensively tested for several years as part of the Stellar Network, which at the time of this writing is the ninth largest cryptocurrency in the world. This gives us a quite large degree of confidence in it. One ambition of the Pi project is to scale the number of nodes in the Pi network to be larger than the number of nodes in the Stellar network to allow more everyday users to participate in the core consensus algorithm. Increasing the number of nodes, will inevitably increase the number of network messages that must be exchanged between them. Even though these messages are much smaller than an image or a youtube video, and the Internet today can reliably transfer videos quickly, the number of messages necessary increases with the number of participating nodes, which can become bottleneck to the speed of reaching consensus. This will ultimately slow down the rate, at which new blocks and new transactions are recorded in the network. Thankfully, Stellar is currently much faster than Bitcoin. At the moment, Stellar is calibrated to produce a new block every 3 to 5 seconds, being able to support thousands of transactions per second. By comparison, Bitcoin produces a new block every 10 minutes. Moreover, due to Bitcoin’s lack in the safety guarantee, Bitcoin’s blockchain in rare occasions can be overwritten within the first hour. This means that a user of Bitcoin must wait about 1 hour before they can be sure that a transaction is considered final. SCP guarantees safety, which means after 3-5 seconds one is certain about a transaction. So even with the potential scalability bottleneck,  Pi expects to achieve transaction finality faster than Bitcoin and possibly slower than Stellar, and process more transactions per second than Bitcoin and possibly fewer than Stellar.

Ngelixa ukukala kwe-SCP kuseyingxaki yophando evulekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezithembisayo umntu anokukhawulezisa ngazo izinto. Isisombululo esinye esinokwenzeka sokulinganisaibloXroute. I-BloXroute iphakamisa inethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-blockchain (i-BDN) esebenzisa inethiwekhi yehlabathi yeeseva ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ngelixa i-BDN nganye ilawulwa ngumbutho omnye, banikezela ngomyalezo ongathathi hlangothi odlulayo. Oko kukuthi, ii-BDN zinokusebenza kuphela kuzo zonke iindawo ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kocalucalulo njengoko imiyalezo ifihliweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-BDN ayiyazi apho imilayezo ivela khona, apho iya khona, okanye yintoni engaphakathi. Ngale ndlela ii-Pi node zinokuba neendlela ezimbini ezidlulayo zomyalezo: Eyokukhawulezayo nge-BDN, ekulindeleke ukuba ithembeke kumaxesha amaninzi, kunye nojongano lwayo loqobo lokugqitha umyalezo wontanga ogqithiselwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye uthembekile kodwa uyacotha. I-intuition yale ngcamango ifana ngokungafaniyo ne-caching: I-cache yindawo apho ikhomputha inokufikelela kwidatha ngokukhawuleza, isantya sokubala okuphakathi, kodwa ayiqinisekiswanga ukuba ihlala inalo lonke ulwazi olufunekayo. Xa i-cache ilahlekile, ikhompyuter iyacotha kodwa akukho ntlekele eyenzekayo. Esinye isisombululo sinokusebenzisa ulwamkelo olukhuselekileyo lwemiyalezo emininzi kwinethiwekhi evulekileyo yoNtanga-kwi-Ntanga [Nicolosi kunye neMazieres ngo-2004] ukukhawulezisa ukusasazwa komyalezo phakathi koontanga.

Imodeli yezoQoqosho ye-Pi: Ukulinganisa ukuNqatshwa kunye noFikelelo

IiPros and cons of 1st Generation Economic Models

Enye yezinto ezintsha ezichukumisayo zeBitcoin ngumtshato weenkqubo ezisasazwayo kunye nethiyori yomdlalo wezoqoqosho.

IiPros

Ubonelelo olusisigxina

Imodeli yezoqoqosho yeBitcoin ilula.Kuya kuhlala kuphela izigidi ezingama-21 zeBitcoin ezikhoyo. Eli nani limiselwe kwikhowudi. Nge-21M kuphela ukujikeleza phakathi kwabantu be-7.5B emhlabeni jikelele, akukho Bitcoin eyaneleyo yokuhamba. Oku kunqongophala ngomnye wabaqhubi ababalulekileyo bexabiso leBitcoin.

Ukunciphisa uMvuzo weBlock

Iskimu sokusasazwa kweBitcoin, esiboniswe ngezantsi, sinyanzelisa ngakumbi le ngqiqo yokunqongophala. I-Bitcoin i-block mining umvuzo we-halves nganye kwiibhloko ze-210,000 (malunga ne- ~ 4 iminyaka.) Kwiintsuku zayo zokuqala, umvuzo we-Bitcoin block wawuyi-50 zemali. Ngoku, umvuzo ngu-12.5, kwaye uya kuncipha ngakumbi kwiinkozo ze-6.25 ngoMeyi 2020. Izinga le-Bitcoin elihlayo lokusasazwa lithetha ukuba, nanjengoko ulwazi lwemali lukhula, kuncinci ukuya kum.

Ububi

Ukujikwa Kuthetha Ukungalingani

Imodeli yokusasaza eguqulweyo yeBitcoin (abantu abancinci abafumana ngaphezulu ekuqaleni, kwaye abantu abaninzi barhola kancinci namhlanje) yenye yegalelo eliphambili kunikezelo olungalinganiyo. Ngobuninzi beBitcoin ezandleni zabamkeli abambalwa bokuqala, abavukuzi abatsha "batshisa" amandla amaninzi kwi-bitcoin encinci.

I-Hoarding Inhibits Use as a Medium of Exchange

Nangona i-Bitcoin yakhululwa njengenkqubo “yentanga kwimali ye-elektroniki”, ukunqongophala kweBitcoin kuthintele injongo yeBitcoin yokusebenza njengotshintshiselwano oluphakathi. Ukunqongophala kweBitcoin kukhokelele kwimbono yayo njengohlobo “lwegolide yedijithali” okanye ivenkile yedijithali yexabiso. Isiphumo salo mbono kukuba abaninzi abanikazi beBitcoin abafuni ukuchitha i-Bitcoin kwiindleko zemihla ngemihla.

Imodeli yoQoqosho yePi

I-Pi, kwelinye icala, ifuna ukubetha ibhalansi phakathi kokudala imvakalelo yokunqongophala kwePi, ngelixa iqinisekisa ukuba isixa esikhulu asiqokeleli kwinani elincinci kakhulu lezandla. Sifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzisi bethu bafumana i-Pi eninzi njengoko besenza igalelo kwinethiwekhi. Injongo yePi kukwakha imodeli yezoqoqosho ephucukileyo ngokwaneleyo ukuze kuzuzwe kwaye kulinganiswe ezi zinto zibalulekileyo ngelixa ihlala inengqondo ngokwaneleyo ukuba isetyenziswe ngabantu.

Iimfuno zoyilo lwemodeli yoqoqosho lwePi:

• Elula: Yakha imodeli ecacileyo necacileyo
• Ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo: Nika ubuninzi obunzima bokufikelela kubemi behlabathi kwiPi
• Ukunqongophala: Yenza imvakalelo yokunqongophala ukugcina ixabiso likaPi ngokuhamba kwexesha
• Umvuzo weMeritocratic: Igalelo lokuvuza ukwakha nokugcina uthungelwano

I-Pi – Unikezelo lweMifanekiso

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokuKhupha iToken

1. IsiBonelelo seSibonelelo esiPhezulu = M + R + D
   1. M = imbuyekezo yemigodi iyonke
   2. R = imbuyekezo epheleleyo yokuthunyelwa
   3. D = imbuyekezo yomphuhlisi iyonke
      
2. M = ∫ f(P) dx apho uf ngumsebenzi ohla ngokwelogarithm
   1. P = Inombolo yabemi (umzekelo, umntu wokuqala wokuzibandakanya, umntu wesi-2 oza kujoyina, njl.njl.)
      
3. R = r * M
   1. r = izinga lokudluliselwa (i-50% iyonke okanye i-25% kubo bobabini umthengisi kunye nosompempe)
      

4. D = t * (M + R)
5. t = ireyithi yembuyekezo yomphuhlisi (25%)

M – Ubonelelo lwezeMigodi (Ngokusekwe kubonelelo lwemigodi olusisigxina olwenziwe ngomntu ngamnye)

Ngokuchaseneyo neBitcoin edale unikezelo oluzinzileyo lwemali eziinkozo kubo bonke abantu behlabathi, iPi yenza ubonelelo olusisigxina lwePi.kumntu ngamnye ojoyina inethiwekhi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 lezigidi zabathathi-nxaxheba.Ngamanye amagama, kumntu ngamnye ojoyina iNethiwekhi yePi, isixa esimiselweyo se-Pi senziwe kwangaphambili. Olu nikezelo lukhutshwa kubomi belo lungu ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba labo lokuzibandakanya kunye negalelo kukhuseleko lwenethiwekhi. Unikezelo lukhutshwa kusetyenziswa umsebenzi oncipha ngokugqithisileyo ofana noweBitcoin kubomi belungu.

R – UBonelelo loThunyelo (Ngokusekwe kumvuzo wokuthunyelwa osisigxina owenziwe ngomntu ngamnye kunye nokwabelwana ngawo ngomntu othunyelwayo kunye nosompempe)

Ukuze imali ibenexabiso, kufuneka isasazwe ngokubanzi. Ukukhuthaza le njongo, iprotocol iphinda ivelise inani elimiselweyo le-Pi elisebenza njengebhonasi yokudluliselwa kubo bobabini u-referrer kunye nosompempe (okanye bobabini umzali kunye nenzala 🙂 Le pool ekwabelwana ngayo inokuchithwa ngamaqela omabini ngexesha lokuphila kwabo - xa omabini amaqela. Bobabini umbheki kunye nosompempe bayakwazi ukutsalela kweli dama ukuze bathintele imizekelo yoxhatshazo apho abadluliseli bayakwazi “ukuxhaphaza” oosompempe babo. ukukhuthaza uthethathethwano phakathi kwamalungu ekukhuseleni ngokukhutheleyo uthungelwano.

D - Ubonelelo ngeMvuzo yoMphuhlisi (Eyongezelelweyo iPi yenzelwe ukuxhasa uphuhliso oluqhubekayo)

I-Pi iya kuxhasa ngemali uphuhliso lwayo oluqhubekayo “ngoMvuzo woMphuhlisi” owenziwe ecaleni kwenkozo yePi nganye eyenzelwe imigodi kunye nokuthunyelwa. Ngokwemveli, iiprothokholi ze-cryptocurrency zenze isixa esimiselweyo sobonelelo esifakwa kwangoko kwi-nondyebo. Ngenxa yokuba unikezelo lulonke lwe-Pi luxhomekeke kwinani lamalungu kuthungelwano, i-Pi iqhubeleka inika umvuzo wayo womphuhlisi njengesikali sothungelwano. Ukwenziwa kwenkqubela phambili yomvuzo womphuhlisi wePi yenzelwe ukulungelelanisa inkuthazo yabaxhasi bePi kunye nempilo iyonke yenethiwekhi.

f ngumsebenzi ocuthayo ngokwe-logarithmically - amalungu okuqala afumana ngaphezulu

Ngelixa iPi izama ukunqanda ukuxinana okugqithisileyo kobutyebi, uthungelwano lukwafuna ukuvuza amalungu angaphambili kunye negalelo lawo ngesabelo esikhulu ngakumbi sePi. Xa iinethiwekhi ezinje ngePi zikwimihla yazo yokuqala, zikholisa ukubonelela ngesixhobo esisezantsi kubathathi-nxaxheba. Ngokomzekelo, khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wefowuni yokuqala ngqa emhlabeni. Iya kuba yinto entsha yetekhnoloji kodwa ayiloncedo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko abantu abaninzi befumana iifowuni, umnini wefowuni ngamnye ufumana uncedo olungakumbi kwinethiwekhi. Ukwenzela ukuvuza abantu abeza kuthungelwano kwangoko, umvuzo wokwembiwa kwe-Pi ngamnye kunye nembuyekezo yokuthunyelwa iyancipha njengomsebenzi wenani labantu abakuthungelwano. Ngamanye amazwi, kukho isixa esithile sePi esigcinelwe “isithuba” ngasinye kwiNethiwekhi yePi.

Uncedo: Ukudibanisa kunye nokwenza imali ngexesha lethu kwi-intanethi

Namhlanje, wonke umntu uhleli kwindawo yokugcina ubuncwane obungasetyenziswanga. Ngamnye wethu uchitha iiyure ngosuku kwiifowuni zethu. Ngelixa kwiifowuni zethu, nganye yeembono zethu, izithuba okanye ucofa ikwenza inzuzo engaqhelekanga kumashishini amakhulu. KwaPi, sikholelwa ukuba abantu banelungelo lokubamba ixabiso elenziwe kwizixhobo zabo.

Sonke siyazi ukuba sinokwenza okungakumbi xa sisodwa. Kwiwebhu yanamhlanje, iinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neGoogle, iAmazon, iFacebook zinamandla amakhulu ngokuchasene nabathengi. Ngenxa yoko, bayakwazi ukubamba i-lionshare yexabiso elenziwe ngabathengi ngabanye kwiwebhu. Amanqanaba e-Pi ebala lokudlala ngokuvumela amalungu ayo ukuba adibanise izixhobo zabo ezidibeneyo ukuze bafumane isabelo sexabiso abalidalayo.

Lo mzobo ungezantsi nguPi Stack, apho sibona amathuba athembisayo okunceda amalungu ethu abambe ixabiso. Ngezantsi, singena kwindawo nganye kwezi ngokubanzi.

Ukwazisa i-Pi Stack-Ukukhulula izixhobo ezingasetyenziswanga

I-Pi Ledger kunye neGrafu ekwabelwana ngayo yeTrasti-Ukukhulisa intembeko kwiWebhu iphela

Omnye weyona miceli mngeni inkulu kwi-intanethi kukwazi ukuba ngubani omawuthembe. Namhlanje, sixhomekeke kwiinkqubo zokukala zababoneleli abanje ngeAmazon, eBay, Yelp, ukwazi ukuba ngubani esinokuthengiselana naye kwi-intanethi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba thina, abathengi, senza umsebenzi onzima wokulinganisa kunye nokuphonononga oontanga bethu, aba balamleli be-intanethi babamba i-lionshare yexabiso elenziwe lo msebenzi.

I-algorithm yemvumelwano kaPi, echazwe ngasentla, yenza umaleko wokuthembana wemveli olinganisela ukuthembela kwiwebhu ngaphandle kwabalamli. Ngelixa ixabiso leSangqa soKhuseleko somntu omnye lincinci, i-aggregate yezangqa zethu zokhuseleko zakha “igrafu yokuthembana” yehlabathi enceda abantu baqonde ukuba ngubani onokuthenjwa kwiPi Network. Umzobo wePi Network's trust yehlabathi uya kuququzelela utshintshiselwano phakathi kwabantu ongabaziyo obekungenoba kwenzeke. Imali yemveli yakwaPi, nayo, ivumela wonke umntu onegalelo kukhuseleko lothungelwano ukuba abambe isabelo sexabiso abancedileyo ukulenza.

Indawo yeMarike yokuNgqwalasela yePi-Utshintshiselwano ngeNgqwalasela eNgasetyenziswanga kunye nexesha

I-Pi ivumela amalungu ayo ukuba adibanise ingqalelo yabo ehlangeneyo ukudala imakethi yengqwalasela ebaluleke kakhulu kunengqalelo yomntu yedwa. Isicelo sokuqala esakhiwe kulo maleko siya kuba aijelo leendaba zoluntu ezinqabileyongoku igcinwe kwikhusi lasekhaya lesicelo. Unokucinga ngeijelo leendaba zoluntu ezinqabileyonjenge-Instagram eneposti enye yehlabathi ngexesha. Oovulindlela banokubheja uPi ukuba athathele ingqalelo yamanye amalungu othungelwano, ngokwabelana ngomxholo (umzekelo, umbhalo, imifanekiso, iividiyo) okanye ukubuza imibuzo efuna ukungena kubulumko obuhlangeneyo boluntu. KwiNethiwekhi yePi, wonke umntu unethuba lokuba yimpembelelo okanye ukungena kubulumko besihlwele. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iQela likaPi's Core lisebenzisa eli jelo ukuvota uluvo loluntu malunga nokhetho loyilo lwePi (umz. uluntu luvotele ukuyilwa kunye nemibala yePi logo.) Sifumene iimpendulo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kunye nengxelo kuluntu malunga iprojekthi. Olunye ulwalathiso olunokwenzeka lwexesha elizayo kukuvula imakethi yengqwalasela kuye nawuphi na uVulindlela ukuba asebenzise i-Pi ukuthumela umxholo wabo, ngelixa ukhulisa inani lamatshaneli abanjwe kwiNethiwekhi yePi.

Ukongezelela ekunikeni ingqalelo koontanga babo, oovulindlela basenokukhetha ukutshintshisa ngeenkampani ezifuna ingqalelo yabo. Umndilili waseMelika ubona phakathi4,000 kunye 10,000 iintengiso ngosuku. Iinkampani zilwela ingqalelo yethu kwaye zihlawula imali eninzi ngayo. Kodwa thina, abathengi, asifumani xabiso kwezi ntengiselwano. Kwindawo yokuthengisa ingqalelo kaPi, iinkampani ezifuna ukufikelela kooVulindlela kuya kufuneka zibuyekeze abaphulaphuli bazo kwiPi. Indawo yentengiso ye-Pi iya kungenela ngokungqongqo kuphela kwaye iya kunika ithuba lokuba ooVulindlela benze imali ngesona sixhobo sabo sikhulu singasetyenziswanga: ingqalelo yabo.

Indawo yeMarike yePi's Barter-Yakha iVenkile yakho yangaphambili yeVenkile

In addition to contributing trust and attention to the Pi Network, we expect Pioneers to be able to contribute their unique skills and services in the future. Pi’s mobile application will also serve as a Point of Sales where Pi’s members can offer their untapped goods and services via a “virtual storefront” to other members of the Pi Network. For example, a member offer up an underutilized room in their apartment for rent to other members on the Pi Network. In addition to real assets, members of the Pi Network will also be able to offer skills and services via their virtual storefronts. For example, a member of the Pi Network could offer their programming or design skills on the Pi marketplace. Overtime, the value of Pi will be supported by a growing basket of goods and services.

Pi’s Decentralized App Store – Lowering The Barrier Of Entry For Creators

Imali ekwabelwana ngayo ye-Pi Network, igrafu yokuthembana, kunye nemarike iya kuba ngumhlaba wenkqubo ebanzi yendalo esebenza ngokusasazwa kwezicelo. Namhlanje, nabani na ofuna ukuqalisa isicelo kufuneka aqale i-bootstrap yeziseko zayo zobugcisa kunye noluntu ukusuka ekuqaleni. Ivenkile ye-Pi yezicelo ezinatyisiweyo iya kuvumela abaphuhlisi be-Dapp ukuba basebenzise isiseko esikhoyo sePi kunye nezibonelelo ekwabelwana ngazo kuluntu kunye nabasebenzisi. Oosomashishini kunye nabaphuhlisi banokuphakamisa iiDapps ezintsha kuluntu kunye nezicelo zokufikelela kwimithombo yothungelwano ekwabelwana ngayo. I-Pi iya kwakha iiDapps zayo kunye nenqanaba elithile lokusebenzisana ukuze iDapps ikwazi ukureferensi idatha, ii-asethi, kunye neenkqubo kwezinye izicelo ezinatyisiweyo.

Ulawulo-I-Cryptocurrency yabantu kunye nabantu

Imiceli mngeni kunye neemodeli zoLawulo lwesiZukulwana soku-1

Ukuthembela sisiseko sayo nayiphi na inkqubo yezemali eyimpumelelo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezikhuthaza ukuthembanaulawulo, okanye inkqubo apho utshintsho luphunyezwa kwiprothokholi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwalo, ulawulo luhlala luyenye yeeyona miba ingahoywanga kwiinkqubo ze-cryptoeconomic.

Uthungelwano lwesizukulwana sokuqala olufana neBitcoin ubukhulu becala luzithintele iindlela zolawulo olusesikweni (okanye “loku-on-chain”) ngokuthanda iindlela ezingacwangciswanga (okanye “zokuphuma kwityathanga”) ezivela kwindibaniselwano yendima kunye noyilo lwenkuthazo. Ngamanyathelo amaninzi, iindlela zolawulo lweBitcoin zibe nempumelelo, zivumela umthetho olandelwayo ukuba ukhule ngokumangalisayo kwisikali kunye nexabiso ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo. Noko ke, kuye kwakho imingeni. Uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho lweBitcoin lukhokelele ekugxininiseni amandla ezopolitiko. Isiphumo kukuba abantu bemihla ngemihla banokubanjwa phakathi kweemfazwe ezitshabalalisayo phakathi kwabaphathi abakhulu beBitcoin. Omnye wemizekelo yakutsha nje yalo mceli mngeni ibe kukuqhubekaidabi phakathi kweBitcoin kunye neBitcoin Cash. Ezi mfazwe zamakhaya zinokuphela efolokhweni apho okanye apho blockchain. Kubanikazi bamathokheni, iifolokhwe ezinzima zinyuka kwamaxabiso kwaye zinokusongela ixabiso lokubamba kwabo.

IPi's Governance Model - isicwangciso esinamanqanaba amabini

Kwiinqaku elicela umngeni kwiimfanelo zolawulo lwe-on-chain, Vlad Zamfir, omnye wabaphuhlisi be-Ethereum, uthi ulawulo lwe-blockchain "asiyongxaki yoyilo olungabonakaliyo. Yingxaki yoluntu esetyenziswayo.” Enye yeengongoma eziphambili zikaVlad kukuba kunzima kakhulu ukuyila iinkqubo zolawulo “iprayori” okanye phambi kokuqwalaselwa kwemingeni ethile evela kwinkqubo ethile yezopolitiko. Omnye umzekelo wembali kukusekwa kweUnited States. Umfuniselo wokuqala wedemokhrasi eUnited States, amaNqaku oManyano, awuphumelelanga emva kovavanyo lweminyaka esibhozo. Abaseki baseUnited States baye bakwazi ukutsalela kwizifundo zeSiqendu soManyano ukuze benze uMgaqo-siseko – umfuniselo onempumelelo ngakumbi.

Ukwakha imodeli yolawulo ehlala ihleli, uPi uya kulandela isicwangciso samanqanaba amabini.

IModeli yoLawulo lwethutyana (< 5M amalungu)

De uthungelwano lufike kubunzima obunzima bamalungu e-5M, i-Pi iya kusebenza phantsi kwemodeli yolawulo lwethutyana. Le modeli iya kufana ngokusondeleyo neemodeli zolawulo "ngaphandle kwekhonkco" ezisetyenziswa ngoku ziiprothokholi ezifana neBitcoin kunye ne-Ethereum, kunye neQela lePi's Core lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhokeleni uphuhliso lweprotocol. Nangona kunjalo, Iqela le-Pi's Core liya kuthembela kakhulu kwigalelo loluntu. Isicelo esiphathwayo sePi ngokwaso kulapho iqela eliphambili likaPi belicela igalelo loluntu kwaye lizibandakanya noVulindlela. I-Pi yamkela izigxeko zoluntu kunye neengcebiso, eziphunyezwa ngeempawu ezivulekileyo zokuphawula kwiphepha lokufika likaPi, ii-FAQs kunye nephepha elimhlophe. Nanini na xa abantu bekhangela ezi mathiriyeli kwiiwebhusayithi zikaPi, banokungenisa izimvo kwicandelo elithile kanye apho ukuze babuze imibuzo kwaye benze iingcebiso. Iindibano zooVulindlela ngaphandle kweintanethi ebeziququzelelwa liqela likaPi nazo ziya kuba lijelo elibalulekileyo legalelo loluntu.

Ukongeza, Iqela lePi's Core liya kuphuhlisa oomatshini bolawulo olusesikweni. Enye inkqubo yolawulo enokubakho yidemokhrasi yolwelo. Kwidemokhrasi yolwelo, wonke uVulindlela uya kuba nako ukuvota kumcimbi ngokuthe ngqo okanye anikezele ivoti yakhe kwelinye ilungu lothungelwano. Idemokhrasi yolwelo iya kuvumela ubulungu obubanzi nobusebenzayo kuluntu lwePi.

Pi's “iNgqungquthela yoMgaqo-siseko” (> 5M amalungu)

Ekubetheni amalungu e-5M, ikomiti yethutyana iya kusekwa ngokusekelwe kwiminikelo yangaphambili kwi-Pi Network. Le komiti iya kuba noxanduva lokucela nokuphakamisa iingcebiso kuluntu ngokubanzi. Iza kuququzelela uthotho lweencoko ezikwi-intanethi nangaphandle kweintanethi apho amalungu ePi aya kuba nakho ukuvavanya umgaqo-siseko wexesha elide wePi. Inikwe isiseko somsebenzisi wehlabathi wePi, iNethiwekhi yePi iya kuqhuba ezi ndibano kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela ukuqinisekisa ukufikeleleka. Ukongeza ekubambeni iindibano zobuqu, iPi iya kusebenzisa isicelo sayo esiphathwayo njengeqonga lokuvumela ilungu lePi ukuba lithathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo ekude. Nokuba ingaphakathi-mntu okanye i-intanethi, amalungu oluntu kaPi aya kuba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba kubume bolawulo bexesha elide bePi.

Imephu yendlela / isicwangciso sokusasaza

Isigaba 1 - Uyilo, ukusasazwa, iGrafu yeBootstrap yeTrasti.

Iseva ye-Pi isebenza njengempompo elinganisa indlela yokuziphatha yenkqubo yokwabela amagunya njengoko iza kusebenza xa sele iphila. Ngexesha lesi sigaba ukuphuculwa kwamava kunye nokuziphatha komsebenzisi kunokwenzeka kwaye kulula ukwenza xa kuthelekiswa nesigaba esizinzile somnatha oyintloko. Konke ukwenziwa kweengqekembe kubasebenzisi kuya kufuduselwa kwinetha ephilayo xa sele iqalile. Ngamanye amazwi, i-livenet iya kuqala i-mint kwi-genesis yayo ibhloke zonke iibhalansi zabanini-akhawunti ezenziwe ngexesha leSigaba soku-1, kwaye iqhubeke nokusebenza kanye njengenkqubo yangoku kodwa isasazwe ngokupheleleyo. I-Pi ayidweliswanga kutshintshiselwano ngeli nqanaba kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba "uthenge" i-Pi ngayo nayiphi na enye imali.

Inqanaba lesi-2 – Testnet

Ngaphambi kokuba siqalise umnatha oyintloko, isoftware yeNode iya kuthunyelwa kumnatha wovavanyo. Umnatha wovavanyo uya kusebenzisa igrafu efanayo yokuthembana njengeyona nto iphambili kodwa kuvavanyo lwe-Pi coin. Iqela eliphambili lePi liya kubamba iindawo ezininzi kumnatha wovavanyo, kodwa liya kukhuthaza amaVulindlela amaninzi ukuba aqale ezabo iindawo kwi-testnet. Enyanisweni, ukwenzela ukuba nayiphi na i-node ijoyine umnatha oyintloko, bayacetyiswa ukuba baqale kwi-testnet. Umnatha wovavanyo uya kuqhutywa ngokuhambelana ne-Pi emulator kwisigaba sokuqala, kwaye ngamaxesha, umz. imihla ngemihla, iziphumo ezivela kuzo zombini iinkqubo ziya kuthelekiswa nokubamba izikhewu kunye nokuphosa umnatha wovavanyo, oya kuvumela abaphuhlisi bePi ukuba bacebise kwaye baphumeze. ukulungiswa. Emva kokuqhutywa ngokucokisekileyo kwazo zombini iinkqubo, i-testnet iya kufikelela kwindawo apho iziphumo zayo zihlala zihambelana ne-emulator. Ngelo xesha xa uluntu luziva lulungile, iPi iya kufudukela kwisigaba esilandelayo.

Inqanaba lesi-3 – Mainnet

Xa uluntu luvakalelwa kukuba isofthiwe ilungele ukuveliswa, kwaye ihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo kwi-testnet, i-mainnet esemthethweni ye-Pi network iya kuqaliswa. Inkcukacha ebalulekileyo yeyokuba, kutshintsho oluya kwi-mainnet, ziiakhawunti eziqinisekisiweyo kuphela ukuba zezabantu bokwenene abahlukileyo eziya kuhlonitshwa. Emva kweli nqaku, i-faucet kunye ne-Pi network emulator yeSigaba 1 iya kuvalwa kwaye inkqubo iya kuqhubeka yodwa ngonaphakade. Uhlaziyo lwexesha elizayo kwiprothokholi luya kuba negalelo ngabaphuhlisi boluntu lwePi kunye neqela eliphambili lePi, kwaye iya kuphakanyiswa yikomiti. Ukuphunyezwa kwabo kunye nokuthunyelwa kuya kuxhomekeka kwiinodi ezihlaziya isoftware yezimayini njengazo naziphi na ezinye iibhloko. Akukho gunyabantu liphakathi liya kuba lilawula imali kwaye iya kunatyiswa ngokupheleleyo. Iibhalansi zabasebenzisi bomgunyathi okanye abaphinda-phinda abasebenzisi ziya kulahlwa. Esi sigaba xa iPi inokudityaniswa kutshintshiselwano kwaye itshintshwe kwezinye iimali.

This is a fan site of PI NETWORK.
You can find the original Pi white paper in Indawo esemthethweni.
PI™, PI NETWORK™, _™luphawu lwentengiso lwePI Community Company.